How Many Calories in 8 Oz of Lean Beeftts0
From offscreen friendships and jarring pay inequality to the special furnishings and makeup tricks that brought some of the globe's favorite film characters to life, The Wizard of Oz (1939) had so much going on behind the emerald curtain and the Technicolor gloss of an amazing fantasy world.
In laurels of the 80th anniversary of the film, follow the yellow brick slideshow to peek behind that drape and larn more nearly the secrets and fun facts that make the beloved film a timeless classic.
Margaret Hamilton Was a Fan Earlier the Film
Every bit a self-proclaimed lifelong fan of L. Frank Baum's Oz series, Margaret Hamilton was thrilled to exist considered for a office in the 1939 motion-picture show accommodation. Hamilton called her agent to ask which grapheme the producers wanted her to play, and her agent famously said, "The witch — who else?"
Hamilton, a single mother, fought MGM for an agreed upon amount of guaranteed work time. Iii days before filming began, the studio agreed to a five-week bargain. In the end, Hamilton was on set for 3 months, but many of her scenes were cut for beingness too scary for audiences.
Dorothy's Original Look Was More Flick Star Than Farm Girl
Sure, Dorothy Gale doesn't need prosthetics or aluminum makeup, just that doesn't mean Judy Garland wasn't put through the costume department wringer. Although she was young at the time, the sixteen-yr-old Garland had to article of clothing a corset-like device so she looked more than similar a preadolescent child.
Director Richard Thorpe suggested Garland wear a blonde wig and loads of "infant-doll" makeup (equally whatever preadolescent girl would…). Luckily, that vision of the character changed. After MGM fired Thorpe, the intermediate director George Cukor nixed the heavy makeup and wig. Instead, he told Garland to exist herself. Smart move.
The "Skywriting" Scene Employed Some Great Motion-picture show Magic
The Magician of Oz employs a lot of great film tricks, and some of the most unique were used in the skywriting scene. In information technology, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) flies above the Emerald City, leaving the phrase "Surrender Dorothy" in her wake in black smoke.
Using a hypodermic needle, the special effects team spread black ink across the bottom of a drinking glass tank that was filled with a thick, tinted liquid (some speculate milk). They wrote the phrase in contrary and filmed the scene from beneath. Initially, the skywriting ended with the ominous "Or Dice — Due west Westward W."
The "Snowfall" in the Poppy Field Was Really Unsafe
One of the Wicked Witch's concluding-ditch efforts to impede Dorothy's quest to meet the Wonderful Wizard of Oz involves a poppy field and some magical sleep-inducing snow. While many like to joke that the poppies and their drowsiness are the upshot of opium (a component of poppies), the scene has a much more blatant toxic connexion than that.
All that magical snow? It's actually 100% industrial-course chrysotile asbestos. Even though the health risks associated with the fabric were known at the time, information technology was even so Hollywood'south preferred choice for faux snow. Our advice to Dorothy? Don't catch any snowflakes on your tongue.
Scarecrow's Makeup Stuck Around for Awhile
In the stop, Ray Bolger (Scarecrow) was probably grateful in more ways than one for Buddy Ebsen (the original Tin Man's) willingness to merchandise parts with him. The Tin Man's aluminum makeup caused a huge amount of problems for Ebsen, who was replaced by Jack Haley.
Although Bolger's makeup experience was better than Ebsen'south, he still had some problems. The Scarecrow's makeup consisted of a prophylactic prosthetic, complete with a woven pattern that mimicked the look of burlap. Afterward the film wrapped, the prosthetic left patterns on Bolger's face that took more a yr to fade.
Margaret Hamilton Was Burned On Set
In a burst of flames and red smoke, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) vanishes from Munchkinland. Although the scene is terrifying for viewers, it may have instilled more fearfulness for Hamilton. On the first take, the smoke rose from a subconscious trapdoor also early.
For the second accept, Hamilton stood on the trapdoor as planned, just her greatcoat snagged on the platform when the fire flared up. Her copper-containing makeup heated upward instantly, causing second- and third-degree burns on her hands and face. To brand matters worse, the crew tried to remedy her burns with (an even more painful) acetone solvent.
The Flying Monkeys Became Falling Monkeys
The Wicked Witch's legion of flying monkeys — or Winged Monkeys every bit they're chosen in the source cloth — have certainly been a source of terror for generations. Almost as scary as the Witch herself, these henchmen soar onto the scene to kidnap Dorothy and Toto — cheers to the magic of pianoforte wires.
However, the aerial stunt went awry when several of the piano wires snapped, sending actors plummeting a few feet to the soundstage floor. To create such a vast troupe of monkeys (and cut down on human marionettes), filmmakers made miniature rubber monkeys to aid populate the sky.
"Over the Rainbow" Was Almost on the Cutting Room Floor
To no ane'south surprise, the American Moving-picture show Found ranked "Over the Rainbow" #one on a list of 100 Greatest Songs in American Films. But what may surprise you? The (arguably) most iconic vocal of Judy Garland's career was near cut from the picture show.
Studio execs at MGM thought the song made the Kansas scenes besides long. Moreover, filmmakers were concerned that children wouldn't understand the song'south significant. Luckily, this unfounded concern melted like lemon drops. Unfortunately, Garland's bawling reprise of the song was left on the cut room flooring.
The Tin Human Costume Didn't Permit Jack Haley to Residue Easy
Although Bert Lahr had to schlep effectually in a xc-pound lion costume, Jack Haley didn't have it piece of cake either. From the lingering concerns about the aluminum paste-based makeup on his face and easily to the minimal flexibility of the "tin" torso and artillery, Haley faced some challenges.
Reportedly, his costume was then stiff that he had to lean against a board to remainder properly. Many years later, actor Anthony Daniels, known for playing the protocol droid C-3PO in the Star Wars films, had the same consequence with his rigid costume. It seems even fantasy and sci-fi can't help folks escape all their problems.
The Original Tin Homo Was Rushed to the Hospital
Initially, Buddy Ebsen was cast as the Scarecrow, but traded parts with Ray Bolger. However, Ebsen'south new character, the Tin Human being, caused him a globe of issues. Namely, the character's silver makeup contained a harmful aluminum dust that coated Ebsen'due south lungs.
To brand matters worse, Ebsen had an allergic reaction, and, unable to breathe, he was rushed to the hospital. MGM recast the role with Jack Haley (and inverse up the makeup), only didn't explain why Ebsen "dropped out." Although Ebsen didn't appear in the final moving-picture show, his vocals can be heard in "We're Off to Encounter the Wizard."
A Stocking & Some Miniatures Gave United states of america the Tornado
The tornado that strikes the Gale homestead is full of practical special effects that really hold upward. The funnel itself was actually a 35-foot long stocking made of muslin. The special furnishings squad spun it around miniatures that resembled the farms and fields of Kansas. Against the painted backdrop, the tornado looks menacing.
The Gale house, which falls from the sky and into Oz, is just a miniature house that was dropped onto a sky painting. Filmmakers and then reversed the footage to make it look similar the house was falling out of the clouds.
Hollywood Didn't Pay Up And then Either
Pay inequality has always been an issue in Hollywood. For example, Adriana Caselotti, voice of the titular character in Walt Disney'southward Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), made $970 for her functioning. The film went on to make roughly $8 million.
According to the Los Angeles Times, Judy Garland's pay was meliorate than Caselotti'south — playing Dorothy earned her $500 a calendar week — but it still didn't reflect the film'southward success. Even more discouraging, the folks who portrayed the citizens of Munchkinland were paid a mere $50 per week. (Meanwhile, Terry the domestic dog earned $125 per week equally Toto. A real yikes.)
Bert Lahr's Lion Costume Was Taxing
Originally, MGM thought information technology might cast its mascot — the bodily panthera leo used in the studio's title menu — equally the cowardly graphic symbol. Fortunately, for the safety of the actors and the animal, the filmmakers decided to cast actor Bert Lahr as the anthropomorphic grapheme instead.
To make a disarming creature, the costume department fashioned Lahr a xc-pound outfit fabricated from real panthera leo skin. All the same, the arc lights used on fix fabricated things a steamy 100 degrees during filming, which meant Lahr did a lot of sweating unrelated to his grapheme's nerves. Each night, two stagehands dried the costume for the next 24-hour interval.
The Initial Box Role Returns Were Uneven
The movie started shooting in October of 1938 but didn't wrap until March of 1939, racking up an unheard of $2,777,000 in costs. That'due south nearly $50 million adjusted for inflation. Upon its initial release, the flick just earned $3 meg at the box office — well-nigh $51.8 one thousand thousand by today's standards.
Although that seems impressive for a Depression-era motion picture, remember that Disney made $8 one thousand thousand with Snow White and the 7 Dwarfs (1937). The Sorcerer of Oz's modest success in the U.S. barely covered production and flick rights' costs — MGM paid $75,000 to the publisher for those — but success overseas fortunately bolstered the picture show's returns.
The Dark Side of Oz in a Time Before "Me Too"
Judy Garland was but 16 years old when she was cast as Dorothy. Insecure and lonesome, she became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates, which were ofttimes given to young actors to help them slumber after studios shot them upwards with adrenaline and so they could work long hours.
The spotlight — and her dissentious contract with MGM — didn't help, leading to her lifelong struggles with an eating disorder and alcoholism. According to a writer for Express, "[Garland] was molested by older men, including studio chiefs [and head Louis B. Mayer], who considered her little more than their 'property.'" Moreover, MGM forced Garland to stick to a wildly unhealthy nutrition of cigarettes, coffee and chicken soup.
The Voice of Snow White Had a Cameo
A few years before The Wizard of Oz debuted, Walt Disney's feature-length animated film Snow White and the Vii Dwarfs (1937) became a nail-hit. Not only did the movie revolutionize the animation manufacture, it also reinvigorated the fantasy genre.
Disney wanted to follow up Snow White — then the most successful film of all fourth dimension — with an adaptation of The Wizard of Oz, but MGM owned the rights. By happenstance, Adriana Caselotti, who voiced Snowfall White, had an uncredited role in Oz. During the Can Man'south "If I Merely Had a Heart," Caselotti speaks her sole line, "Wherefore art m Romeo?"
The Ruby Slippers Are Props & Treasured Artifacts
Keeping in line with the volume, Dorothy's iconic footwear was originally silverish, simply screenwriter Noel Langley felt the ruby-red colour would really popular in glorious Technicolor. Designed by MGM's chief costume designer Gilbert Adrian, the shoes are each covered in nigh ii,300 sequins.
One of the remaining pairs is on view in the Smithsonian Institution'due south National Museum of American History. Since the display is so heavily trafficked, the museum has replaced the carpet at that place several times. Another pair were stolen from Minnesota'south Judy Garland Museum in 2005, but the FBI recovered the slippers for the institution in 2018.
Only One Sequence Was Filmed "On Location"
The Wizard of Oz is your classic take chances story, and Dorothy'due south quest leads her from a Kansas farm to another earth — complete with corn fields, poppy-filled meadows and forests. Nonetheless, despite all these scenic locations, nearly all the scenes were shot on a soundstage.
Equally was customary at the time, immense, detailed backdrops were painted by studio artists, making it possible for filmmakers to send audiences to far away places without filming on location. In fact, the only location footage in the picture is the opening title sequence — those clouds are 100% the real deal.
A Second Toto Was Brought In
Toto, played primarily by Terry, is one of the nigh beloved dogs in moving picture history. Terry was famously not a huge fan of special effects and can oftentimes exist seen running out of a shot when something loud or alarming happens — like when the Tin can Man spouts out all of that steam.
After one of the Witch'due south guards accidentally stepped on her, Terry was on bedrest for two weeks. Filmmakers went through two doubles to notice one that resembled the original canine player more closely.
Fun fact: Judy Garland was so addicted of Terry that she wanted to adopt the dog.
Margaret Hamilton "Mourns the Wicked" Witch
In addition to being a huge fan of the Oz books, Margaret Hamilton besides believed her character was more than just your run-of-the-mill evil villain. More than 35 years after the movie debuted, Hamilton, donning her Witch's costume to show kids it was brand-believe, appeared on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, where Fred Rogers interviewed her about the character.
According to Hamilton, the and so-chosen Wicked Witch relished everything she did, simply she was also a lamentable, lonely effigy. In brusque, things never went well for the frustrated Witch. Oddly enough, the Broadway musical Wicked also takes this approach to the Witch's grapheme.
The "Horse of a Different Color" Was Made Possible Thank you to a Food Production
In 1939, audiences were but every bit amazed as Dorothy, Scarecrow, Tin Human and the Cowardly Panthera leo when the horse in Emerald City took on a rainbow of colors. This "horse of a different color" was made possible thank you to a surprising food item…
Jell-O crystals were used to color the horses, which meant filmmakers had to motion quickly — the animals were eager to lick upwards the sweet treat. Only the colorful steed isn't the just interesting component in this fan-favorite scene. The equus caballus-fatigued wagon was one time endemic by President Abraham Lincoln and now resides at the Judy Garland Museum.
The Makeup Department Hired on Extra Hands
From the citizens of Munchkinland and Emerald City to the Witch's flight monkeys, so many actors had to undergo a makeup transformation in order to give life to this fantasy film. To continue up with the daily demands, MGM called upon workers from the studio mailroom and courier service to manage makeup stations.
Since most of the Ozian ensemble required prosthetics, makeup artists — and "makeshift" artists — formed a kind of costuming assembly line. About actors had to arrive before 5:00 in the forenoon — six days a week! — to begin the intensive process.
Memorable (& Oft Misquoted) Lines Fill the Movie
The film is chock-full of iconic, memorable songs, and it has the great fortune of being responsible for some of the most quoted lines in moving-picture show history equally well. In 2007, Premiere compiled a list of "The 100 Greatest Pic Lines" and placed a whopping three of the film's lines on the list.
"Pay no attending to that man behind the pall" was voted #24, while "In that location's no place similar home" nabbed the 11th spot. Finally, the oft misquoted "Toto, I have a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore" landed in the 62nd spot.
The Witch's Fire Employed Some Technical Wizardry (& Juice)
Clearly, the technical wizardry — or witchcraft — in the movie is incredible. Like the "horse of a different colour" sequence, another iconic, special furnishings-heavy scene harnessed the power of everyday household items to pull off fun tricks.
Soon after Dorothy arrives in Munchkinland, the Wicked Witch tries to snatch the blood-red slippers from the young daughter's anxiety. However, fire strikes the Witch'south easily, repelling her. This "fire" is actually apple juice spouting from the slippers in a sped-up clip to make it look more flame-like.
Technicolor Required Some Ingenuity in the Props Department
Experimenting with Technicolor was part fun and part problem-solving for filmmakers. In order to properly capture scenes with the Technicolor camera, the soundstage needed to exist lit with arc lights, which often heated the set up to a toasty 100 degrees.
After the lights were set, the experts experimented with what would wait all-time on film, specially in colorized form. For instance, the white part of Dorothy'due south clothes is really pink — simply because information technology filmed ameliorate. And the oil the Can Homo is and then excited about? Information technology'south actually chocolate syrup.
The Wicked Witch of the East Makes More Than One Appearance
Function of the Wicked Witch of the West's beefiness with Dorothy is that the young girl dropped a house on her sister, the Wicked Witch of the East, who was the short-lived possessor of the red slippers. Although Margaret Hamilton already plays both the Wicked Witch of the Westward and her Kansas counterpart Almira Gulch, she also plays the Wicked Witch of the E — if only briefly.
During the tornado sequence, an befuddled Dorothy looks out her bedroom window and watches Gulch transform into a witch, her shoes shimmering. For fans, this glint indicates the witch outside the window is wearing the ruddy slippers. The restored version of the film makes that shimmer even more noticeable.
The Movie's Running Time Was Cutting Down Several Times
The showtime cut of the film clocked in at a running time of 120 minutes. Although that seems like zero by today's Marvel movie standards, producer Mervyn LeRoy felt it was long and unwieldy and wanted to chop off 20 minutes.
After cut the famed "Jitterbug" number (top right) and an extended Scarecrow trip the light fantastic toe sequence, the picture show was 112 minutes long. LeRoy held a second preview screening, and, later, nixed Dorothy's "Over the Rainbow" reprise, an Emerald City reprise of "Ding! Dong! The Witch Is Dead," a scene where the Tin Man becomes a human being beehive (Yikes!) and a few Kansas sequences.
And so Much for a "Wicked" Witch
Filmmakers deemed Margaret Hamilton'due south Wicked Witch of the West functioning too frightening for audiences and cut or trimmed many of her scenes. But not everyone thought her performance was terrifying — namely Judy Garland, who played the Wicked Witch's nemesis, Dorothy Gale.
Off-screen, the film's starring foes were actually friends. One story that emerged from the set described Garland excitedly showing off a clothes to Hamilton, declaring she was going to wear it for her graduation. Unfortunately, MGM's Louis B. Mayer sent Garland on a press tour the day of her graduation. Upset, Hamilton phoned Mayer and chewed him out.
Giving Credit to Technicolor
In the opening credits, the text reads "Photographed in Technicolor," as opposed to the more apt "Color Sequences past Technicolor." The phrasing of the credits makes it seem as though the entire picture was shot in color. Was this done deliberately, or was it a modest syntactical faux pas?
It's widely believed this was a bit of a stunt done to heighten the surprise of the pic turning into full three-strip Technicolor when Dorothy arrives in Oz. Posters made at the time of the film's debut made no mention of sepia tint (or "blackness-and-white"), adding credence to this theory.
One of History's Most-Watched Films
Although The Wizard of Oz proved popular in theaters, another film released the same year, also directed by Victor Fleming, really topped the box office. (You may take heard of that little moving picture — it'southward called Gone with the Air current.) Nonetheless, MGM's musical fantasy may have more staying ability than other films of the era, thanks in office to re-releases.
The picture was first broadcast on television receiver on November 3, 1956, and garnered an impressive 44 million viewers. It's believed that The Wizard of Oz is i of the x virtually-watched feature-length movies in film history, largely due to the number of annual television screenings, theater viewings and diverse format re-releases.
Source: https://www.ask.com/tvmovies/wizard-of-oz-facts?utm_content=params%3Ao%3D740004%26ad%3DdirN%26qo%3DserpIndex
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